Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are related spinal conditions, but they refer to distinct issues.
Spondylolysis
- Spondylolysis is a condition characterized by a stress fracture or a defect in the pars interarticularis, a small portion of the vertebra between the facet joints.
- It is often considered a precursor to spondylolisthesis, and it can result from repetitive stress or trauma, particularly in the lower back, commonly seen in sports that involve hyperextension of the spine.
- Spondylolysis may be asymptomatic, but it can cause lower back pain, especially in younger individuals.
Spondylolisthesis
- Spondylolisthesis occurs when a vertebra slips forward in relation to the vertebra below it. This can happen when spondylolysis weakens the vertebra, allowing it to shift out of its normal position.
- The extent of slippage is graded on a scale from I to IV, with higher grades indicating greater displacement.
- Spondylolisthesis can cause symptoms like lower back pain, stiffness, and, in more severe cases, compression of nerve roots leading to leg pain or neurological symptoms.
These conditions are often identified through imaging studies like X-rays or MRIs. Conservative treatments, including rest, physical therapy, and bracing, are common for mild cases. In more severe cases or when symptoms persist, surgical intervention may be considered to stabilize the spine.
